Printing-telegraph



No. 624,487. Patented May 9, I899.

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PATENT KIRK HIMROD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,.ASSIGNOR TO THE INTERNATIONAL TYPAL TELEGRAPH COMPANY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

PRINTING-TELEGRAPH.

SPEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 624,487, dated May 9, 1899.

Application filed March 25, 1898.

Toall'whom it may concern.-

Be it known thatJ, KIRK HIMROD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook andState of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvementin Printing Telegraphs, of which the following is a specification.

Myinvention relates to printing-telegraphs employing the system used in the printingtelegraph of Baudot, wherein there are trans,- mitted for each character over a single wire a series of electrical impulses of substantially equal duration, (five or more,-) some of one polarity and some of the other polarity, each character being distinguished from all other characters by a particular permutation of the impulses, and wherein these impulses act upon a selecting mechanism at the receiving end of the line and so' adjust it as to cause the operation of the printing mechanism to print the particular character.

My object is to produce an apparatus of this character which will combine great speed, certainty'of operation, and durability and will provide for the transmission and reception of a large number of characters.

In general my apparatus consists, first, of

-a transmitter having either an individual-key keyboard, like a type-writer, and which upon the actuation of a particular key transmits for each character i1 pulses of the kind already referred to, or aving, as suggested by Baudot, a combination -key keyboard comprising a number'of keys (five or more) depending upon. the electrical impulses and which are adapted to be manipulated by the operator in the proper combinations to transmit the correct permutation of impulses for the character desired; second, a relay receiving these impulses and controlling the local circuits; third, a distributer controlled by the relay and distributing the current of the local battery; fourth, a selector acted on by the distributed local impulses, so as to translate into a different resulting effect each difierent permutation of the impulses, and, finally, a printing or other desired mechanism whose action is controlled by the selector.

While the apparatus is particularly de-j signed for printing-telegraphs, it is evident that the principle of construction employed Serial No. 675,121. (No model.

in the transmitter, relay, distributer, and selector may be utilized for type-writing machines or for any other purpose where it is desired to select and operate at a distance any one of a large number of devices.

. Before entering upon a description in detail of the apparatus with reference to the drawings I will explain its general characteristics in order that the specific description may be more readily understood. 2

' If an individuaLkey-keyboard transmitter is employed, as is preferable, it is provided with a number ofkeys mounted upon levers, and the depression of each key shifts from the normal position one or more pole-changers of a series of ,five or more pole-changers Since five impulses give a sufiicient number of characters for the purpose of a printing-telegraph, I prefer to employ five pole-changers for that purpose. If a combination-key keyboard of the Baudot type is employed, five keys only will be used, each adapted and arranged'to shift from the normal position one of the pole-changers. By depressing one or more of these keys in proper combination the desired permutation of "impulses willbe obtained to correspond with the character desired. The pole-changers, as will be understood, are connected normally so as to trans- -mit when put in connection with the line impulses of one polarityfor illustrationypost tive impulses. The efiec't of the depression of, a key in an individual-key-keyboard machineor of depressing one or more of the keys in the case of a combination-key-keyboard transmitter of the Baudot type is to shift one or more of these pole-changers so as to transmit one or more negative impulses, and it is by the permutations of the five impulses that the different characters are distinguished. Instead of employingone' set of pole-changers acted'upon by all the keys and requiring the performance of a sequence of operations set up by one adj ustment of these pole-changers before another adjustment can be produced by a different key or by the operation of a different combination of keys, I employ a number of these sets of pole-changers, (five in each set.) Two. or more of such sets may be employed; but I have found that six of such sets is a convenient number, and I prefer to place these in three paths of rotation, two sets in each path. These six sets of pole-changers are movable successively into relation with the keys, one set being always in position to be operated on by all of the keys. To secure this motion, the pole-changers may be mounted upon'one or more drums rotating beneath the keylevers by an intermittentmotion'controlled by an escapement, so as to bring at each position of-rest one set of pole-changers into position to be operated upon by the keys. Extending across beneath all of the key-leyers are a numberof tilting bars, the number corresponding with the impulses of each set and being, for the purpose of a printing-telegraph, five. In the case of an individ ual-keykeyboard transmitter these tilting bars are engaged by selecting-teeth on the key-levers, each key-lever when depressed depressing one or more of the bars, according tothe permutation which distinguishes the particular character. In the case of a com bination-keykeyboard transmitter of the Baudot type, however, the tilting bars may be connected directly with the five keys, the desired perqnutation distinguishing the particular character being obtained by depressing the keys in the same permutation or combination.-

The five tilting bars have hung from them a number of sets of five fingers corresponding with the number of paths of rotation occupied by the pole-chaugers, so as to act upon any one of the six sets of pole-changers which may be in position for operation. Consequently the depression of any key in the case of an individual-key-keyboard machine or the depression of the desired combination of keys in the case of a combination-key-keyboard transmitter of the Baudot type pushes downwardly the same pole-changing fingers of the several sets carried by the tilting bars, thus acting on the setof pole-changers which happens to be uppermost. If the several sets of pole-changers were all located in the same path of rotation, only one set of selecting fingers on the tilting bars would be required. Another tilting bar passing beneath all the key-levers operates the escapement, so that the effect of depressing a .key-

lever or of depressing the particular combi-- nation of keys is to shift the pole-changers of one set and rotate all the pole-changers, so as to bring another set uppermost. This rotation also brings the pole-changers successively into connection with the line, and by a further movement and by means of stationary combs the pole-changers are returned to their normal position. To furnish power for rotating the shaft turning the pole-changers, I prefer to employ an electric motorhaving a surplus of power and use it to wind up a spring-barrel which is connected with the shaft, and I employ a circuit-controller which opens and closes the circuit of the motor, so as to maintain an approximately uniform stress of the driving-spring. The thirty polechangers are connected through rubbing conkeys.

tacts with wires extending to segments of a sunflower or equivalent means for distributing the impulses to the line, plates of the sunflower connected with the pole-changers of one set follow those connected with the pole-changers of another set in the same order in which thepole-changers are brought-in position for operation by the Between the plates of the sunflower which are connected with the pole-changers are other plates connected with earth, so that the'line is grounded after each impulse, or this'grou ndin g may take place only after each set of five impulses, the purpose being to complete the line to ground for discharging it. A trailer-arm, which operates on the sunflower andis connected with the line, may either be rotated by the shaft which rotates the pole-changers or be operated byindependent motive devices. If operated by the shaft referred to, it is capableof movement independent of that shaft and at a difierent rate by being connected with the shaft by a spiral spring and being retarded in its movement by means of a fly-wheel. By this means, although the motion of the shaft is intermittent, that of the trailer operated thereby may be continuous and approximately uniform. The fly-wheel is connected with its spindle by a pawl and ratchet, so as to permit of any overthrow without straining the parts. If the trailer-arm is operated by independent motive devices, the latter will be regulated to drive the trailer-arm with a continuous and approximately uniform movement. The advantages of this transmitter over anything heretofore proposed are numerous. The operation of the keyboard is made independent of the working of the line, and if the'trailer is adjusted to have a uniform speed of rotation as great as the average speed of the operation, including pauses, the operator may work the keys in advance of the operation of the line and as rapidly as he sees fit, since .the effect of working the keys is simply to shift in succession the different sets of polechangers, these being connected with the line subsequently by the operation of the trailer. Not only is the operator enabled to work with great rapidity and without waiting for the pole-changers to be brought in connection with the line between the depression of keys transmitting successive characters, but since the intermittent action of the operator is translated into a continuous and uniform operation of the line the line is not idle at any time, and a greater length of time' is therefore provided for the sending of the line imparatus, thus conducing to reliability.

For my relay I may usean y suitable polarized device in which the positive and negative impulses will produce different mechanical effects-such, for instance, as a pair of Hughes magnets wound oppositely and connected in series or in multiple in the line. The positive impulses cause the release of the armature of lOO IIC

pulses and the operation of the receiving ap- 

